This paper investigates the efficiency of powder catchment in blown powder laser cladding (a directed energy deposition technique). A comparison is made between standard "track by overlapping track" cladding
The typical experimental setup for the performance of laser cladding processes consists in a laser system providing the energy locally needed for the process and an associate system for cladding material supply to the laser interaction zone. The clad material introduction to the cladding process may take place either prior to (pre-deposition) or during the laser cladding process
High-hardness iron-based alloy coatings are extensively utilized in aerospace, automotive, and industrial equipment due to their exceptional wear resistance and long service life. Laser cladding has emerged as one of the primary techniques for fabricating these coatings, owing to its rapid cooling and dense microstructure characteristics. However, the production of
Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy-density laser beam to irradiate powder materials on the surface of a metal substrate. Through rapid melting, cooling, and solidification, it forms one or more layers of high-performance alloy coatings that are tightly bonded to the substrate [18].
Laser cladding is a surface modification process in which a laser beam is used to melt an addition material (typically a functional or wear/corrosion-resistant alloy) and incorporate it onto a substrate by the development of a thin mutual dilution bonding layer.
Laser cladding (LC) is a process in which materials with certain properties are added to the surface of a substrate [1, 2, 3]. Under a high-energy-density laser beam, the materials are melted and then solidified, forming a cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the substrate [4].
In the field of laser additive manufacturing, modern hybrid technologies offer advantageous solutions for combining the high quality level of laser surface claddings with the industry''s economical requirements regarding
The ideal unit energy input of each single cladding layer was determined by changing the laser power, and then tested on five different shapes of CMSX-4 cladding tracks to evaluate its effectiveness. However, the combination of LC and remelting for the repair of the leading and trailing edges on the blade needs further research
The ideal unit energy input of each single cladding layer was determined by changing the laser power, and then tested on five different shapes of CMSX-4 cladding tracks
This paper reviews current developments in laser-cladding HEAs coatings and the application of laser-cladding technology to HEAs materials. The laser cladding high
A considerable number of critical studies have been conducted on the surface modification of engineering alloys, such as welding [10], thermal spraying [11], ion implantation [12], vapor deposition (CVD/PVD) [13], and laser cladding (LC) technology [14] to control their deficiencies.Table 1 lists several characteristics of these methods to compare the relative
Laser cladding, also known as surface modification technology, involves the use of a high-energy laser beam to melt metal powders either pre-applied to the surface of a part or fed synchronously during the process. This fusion forms a metallurgical bond between the powder and the workpiece, thereby restoring part dimensions, enhancing surface properties,
In the field of laser additive manufacturing, modern hybrid technologies offer advantageous solutions for combining the high quality level of laser surface claddings with the
With the constant progress in industrial technology, titanium alloy has been widely applied in fields such as aerospace, medical equipment, automotive manufacturing and ocean engineering because of its excellent performance due to its light weight and high strength. However, the shortcomings of titanium alloy, such as low hardness, poor wear resistance, and
In this study, we developed a predictive model of specific energy consumption (SEC) and metallic powder usage rate in laser cladding process. Three approaches were
The laser deposition techniques like laser surface alloying (LSA) [90], laser remelting [91], and laser cladding (LC) have been developed rapidly in recent times due to the high-energy density, high solidification rates, less heat effect on the substrate, minimal dilution, better metallurgical bonding, nominal distortion in clad geometry, fewer crack openings,
Laser cladding is a surface modification process in which a laser beam is used to melt an addition material (typically a functional or wear/corrosion-resistant alloy) and incorporate it onto a
This paper reviews current developments in laser-cladding HEAs coatings and the application of laser-cladding technology to HEAs materials. The laser cladding high-entropy alloy coatings have potential applications in corrosion, wear, and oxidation resistance, as well as their respective substrates. Cladded coatings composed of HEAs
In the field of laser additive manufacturing, modern hybrid technologies offer advantageous solutions for combining the high quality level of laser surface claddings with the industry''s...
Regarding the complexity of energy consumption (EC) mechanisms and unpredictable EC in the additive manufacturing (AM) process, this research illustrates the laser cladding system''s EC...
This study investigates the influence of various heat treatment processes on the microstructure and properties of laser cladding Fe314 coatings. The microstructure, phases, and impact fracture morphology of the cladding
In this study, we developed a predictive model of specific energy consumption (SEC) and metallic powder usage rate in laser cladding process. Three approaches were adopted to perform the modeling, namely, basic gene expression programming (GEP), response surface methodology (RSM), and integrated Tabu search and GEP (TS-GEP
In the field of laser additive manufacturing, modern hybrid technologies offer advantageous solutions for combining the high quality level of laser surface claddings with the industry''s economical requirements regarding productivity and energy efficiency. The technical approach is to supply energy sources in two fundamentally
Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy-density laser beam to irradiate powder materials on the surface of a metal substrate. Through rapid melting, cooling, and
Laser cladding is an additive manufacturing technology capable of producing coatings due to the surface fusion of metals. The selected powder is fed into a focused laser beam to be melted and deposited as coating. This allows to apply material in a selected way onto those required sections of complex components. The process main properties are the production of a perfect
As one of the lightest structural metals, the application breadth of aluminum alloys is, to some extent, constrained by their relatively low wear resistance and hardness. However, laser cladding technology, with its low dilution rate, compact structure, excellent coating-to-substrate bonding, and environmental advantages, can significantly enhance the
Regarding the complexity of energy consumption (EC) mechanisms and unpredictable EC in the additive manufacturing (AM) process, this research illustrates the laser cladding system''s EC...
This paper investigates the efficiency of powder catchment in blown powder laser cladding (a directed energy deposition technique). A comparison is made between standard "track by overlapping track" cladding ("AAA" cladding) and "ABA" cladding, where the gaps left between an initial set of widely spaced tracks ("A
Laser cladding technology uses a high-energy-density laser beam to irradiate powder materials on the surface of a metal substrate. Through rapid melting, cooling, and solidification, it forms one or more layers of high-performance alloy coatings that are tightly bonded to the substrate [18].
The laser energy density required for the development of laser cladding processes depends, obviously, of the nature of the substrate, the addition material, the thickness of the clad to be developed, and the process development conditions (mostly laser beam interaction zone dimensions and process speed).
Under a high-energy-density laser beam, the materials are melted and then solidified, forming a cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the substrate . LC has the advantages of high energy density, small deformation, metallurgical bonding with the matrix and so on .
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Laser cladding (LC) is a process in which materials with certain properties are added to the surface of a substrate [1, 2, 3]. Under a high-energy-density laser beam, the materials are melted and then solidified, forming a cladding layer which is metallurgically bonded with the substrate .
The major part of the absorbed energy in the range of up to 80% is heat losses by thermal conduction into the work piece. 6 However, these heat losses are necessary for cooling and solidification of the melt pool and thus indispensable for the laser cladding mechanism.
As an efficient surface modification technology, laser cladding has unique advantages in the preparation of high entropy alloy composite coatings. Laser cladding technology can achieve rapid local heating and cooling, ensuring good bonding between the coating and the substrate.
Wire feed speed v D, heating voltage U H, and current I H during the deposition of a single track using electric wire heating. As discussed in Sec. II A, the energy balance of laser cladding is largely determined by the heat losses through heat conduction into the substrate.
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